Apply stress horizontally (σₓ) and vertically (σᵧ) to see how a material deforms. The grid will dynamically animate to show strain. The graph shows the material's full constitutive behavior, including elastic, plastic, and failure phases.
In continuum mechanics, the stress state at a point is described by the Cauchy stress tensor, a 3x3 matrix. It relates the force vector to the normal vector of a surface. Diagonal elements are normal stresses; off-diagonals are shear stresses.
For this simulation, we assume a plane stress condition. The matrix shows the internal shear stress for the highlighted grid element, which is maximum at 45°.